THE PPLN CRYSTAL DIARIES

The system for GRIIRA comes from the generation of polarons from crystal defects like, Nb ions occupying Li ion web sites (referred to as antisite defects), and Fe ion impurities. Doping lithium niobate with MgO reduces the onset of GRIIRA, because it makes it possible for Mg ions to replace the Nb antisite defects.The poling duration of a PPLN cry